【高中定语从句讲解及习题(含答案)】在英语语法中，定语从句是一个非常重要的知识点，尤其在高中阶段的英语学习中占据着举足轻重的地位。掌握好定语从句，不仅有助于理解复杂句子的结构，还能提升写作和阅读能力。本文将对高中阶段常见的定语从句进行详细讲解，并附上相关练习题及答案，帮助学生巩固知识。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，如 who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why 等。
例如：
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
（“who is standing there”是定语从句，修饰“the man”）
- This is the book that I bought yesterday.
（“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰“the book”）
二、定语从句的分类
根据引导词的不同，定语从句可以分为以下几类：
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
- who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
- The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.
- The person whom you met is my uncle.
- whom：指人，在从句中作宾语（口语中常省略）
- The boy whom I saw is my classmate.
- whose：表示所属关系，指人或物
- The student whose essay won the prize is very talented.
- which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
- The car which is parked outside is mine.
- that：既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
- The book that I read was interesting.
- The man that you met is my father.
> 注意：在非正式场合中，that 可以代替 which 和 who，但在某些情况下（如介词后）只能用 which 或 whom。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
- when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语
- I still remember the day when we met.
- where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语
- This is the house where I grew up.
- why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语
- That’s the reason why she left.
三、定语从句的使用规则
1. 关系代词不能省略的情况：
- 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，若前面有介词，则不能省略。
- The woman to whom you spoke is a doctor.（不可说成：The woman you spoke to is a doctor.）
2. 关系代词与关系副词的选择：
- 若从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用关系代词。
- 若从句中缺少的是时间、地点或原因，则用关系副词。
3. 先行词为“all, everything, nothing, something”等不定代词时，一般用 that 引导。
- Everything that he said was true.
4. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，常用 that。
- This is the best movie that I have seen.
四、常见错误与注意事项
- 错误：This is the man who I told you about.
正确：This is the man about whom I told you.（介词后要用 whom）
- 错误：The book which I borrowed it is interesting.
正确：The book which I borrowed is interesting.（不能同时出现 which 和 it）
- 错误：That is the house where I live.
正确：That is the house in which I live.（如果介词提前，要用 which）
五、练习题（含答案）
一、选择正确的引导词填空：
1. The man ______ is talking to the teacher is my father.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
2. This is the room ______ we stayed last night.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
3. The girl ______ won the prize is my friend.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
4. The reason ______ he didn’t come is unknown.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. where
5. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
二、改写句子（使用定语从句）：
6. She is the girl. She helped me.
→ She is the girl who helped me.
7. This is the city. I was born here.
→ This is the city where I was born.
8. He is the man. His son is a doctor.
→ He is the man whose son is a doctor.
9. I don’t know the reason. She left.
→ I don’t know the reason why she left.
10. The house is beautiful. It is on the hill.
→ The house which is on the hill is beautiful.
六、参考答案
一、选择题答案：
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B / C
二、改写题答案：
6. who helped me
7. where I was born
8. whose son is a doctor
9. why she left
10. which is on the hill
通过系统地学习和练习，定语从句并不难掌握。希望同学们能够认真理解其用法，灵活运用在实际的语言环境中。
